Cities, sites and homelands

The geography of Assyrian history

Explore 12 ancient cities, living places and historical regions without confusing imperial frontiers, present borders or shared homelands.

12 profiles

Ancient city

Ashur

Assyria’s oldest political and sacred centre, set on a rocky terrace above the Tigris.

Salah al-Din Governorate, IraqView profile
Ancient city

Nineveh

An ancient city opposite modern Mosul that Sennacherib made the monumental capital of the Neo-Assyrian Empire.

Mosul, Nineveh Governorate, IraqView profile
Ancient city

Kalhu / Nimrud

The royal city created by Ashurnasirpal II, renowned for palaces, reliefs, ivories and colossal gateway figures.

Nineveh Governorate, IraqView profile
Ancient city

Dur-Sharrukin / Khorsabad

Sargon II’s purpose-built capital, occupied by the royal court only briefly before his death.

Nineveh Governorate, IraqView profile
Living city

Arbela / Erbil

A continuously important northern Mesopotamian city and cult centre of the goddess Ishtar of Arbela.

Kurdistan Region, IraqView profile
Region

Nineveh Plains

A diverse region east and north of Mosul containing towns and villages with deep Assyrian, Chaldean, Syriac, Yazidi, Shabak, Arab and Kurdish histories.

Nineveh Governorate, IraqView profile
Region

Hakkari

A mountainous historical homeland of Assyrian tribal communities and Church of the East dioceses before the upheavals of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.

Primarily south-eastern Türkiye and adjoining borderlandsView profile
Region

Tur Abdin

A limestone plateau known for Syriac Orthodox monasteries, villages and a long Syriac literary and liturgical tradition.

Mardin and Şırnak provinces, south-eastern TürkiyeView profile
Living city

Urmia

A city and fertile plain with a major modern Assyrian cultural, ecclesiastical and printing history.

West Azerbaijan Province, IranView profile
Ancient city

Kaneš / Kültepe

An Anatolian royal city whose lower town preserves thousands of letters and contracts from Assyrian merchant households.

Kayseri Province, TürkiyeView profile
Ancient city

Kar-Tukulti-Ninurta

Tukulti-Ninurta I’s planned royal city opposite Ashur, with palace terraces, a canal and a new temple of Aššur.

Salah al-Din Governorate, IraqView profile
Living city

Harran

A long-lived city and sanctuary of the moon god Sîn that became the final base of Assyrian royal resistance after Nineveh fell.

Şanlıurfa Province, TürkiyeView profile