Language editions
Read in your language
The public English edition is translated into Arabic, Swedish, German and Kurdish Sorani. Each reading page has its own language-specific URL.
Available editions
العربية
Svenska
Deutsch
کوردیی سۆرانی
What has been translated?
History articles, people and ruler profiles, places, villages, language and heritage guides, learning resources, the complete names catalogue, news briefings and public information pages are included. Search, filters, saved names, quizzes and maps use translated interfaces.
The language menu opens the equivalent page. Visitors choose their language; the website does not force a redirect based on their location or browser settings.
Translations are dated editions of the published English content. New English reports and editorial changes need a corresponding translation update. External source pages, bibliographic titles, personal-name spellings, downloadable original documents and geographic base-map labels may remain in their original language.
Translation and review
These are AI-assisted translations of the sourced English edition. They have not received independent native-speaker review. The publisher has chosen to publish without waiting for that review. Historical qualifications, evidence limitations and source references are retained. This is not a claim of specialist certification.
The Kurdish edition is Sorani (Central Kurdish), written in the Arabic-derived Kurdish alphabet. It uses machine translation with automated checks and editorial corrections, not a certified human translation.
Translation release: . English article publication dates are not changed by translation.
Assyrian language editions
Sureth/Suret (North-Eastern Neo-Aramaic) and Surayt/Turoyo (Central Neo-Aramaic) are distinct living Semitic language varieties. They are not Arabic, and Classical Syriac is not interchangeable with either.
Full Sureth/Suret and Surayt/Turoyo editions are not yet published. Reliable translated text in an explicitly identified variety and writing standard is needed. This is a translation-availability limitation, not a requirement to wait for review.
Classical Syriac is treated separately as a literary and liturgical language. Ancient Akkadian belongs in the historical language material, not a modern reader-language toggle.
Explore the language guides · Syriac written forms and learning resources